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1672-1803 Muratori, Alfieri and Genovesi ignite the fire of revolution.

1796 Milan is occupied by the French under French General Napoleon Bonaparte who founds the Cispadane Republic (including Modena, Bologna, and Ferrara).

1797 Pope submits to Bonaparte; Uprisings against French in Verona; French enter Venice; Cisalpine Republic established in Lombardy; Venice given to Austria.

1798 Roman Republic declared; Ferdinand IV enters Rome (later retaken by French); Abdication of Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy.

1799 French occupation of Naples; Milan taken by Russians; Austrians enter Turin; Naples capitulates to Bourbons.

1801 Napoleon occupies Milan; Kingdom of Etruria founded by Napoleon in Tuscany; Treaty of Florence between France and Naples.

1802 Cisalpine Republic called Italian Republic; France annexes Piedmont.

1805 Napoleon crowns himself King of Italy; Ligurian Republic annexed to France; also Parma and Piacenza.

1806 Venetia annexed to Kingdom of Italy; Joseph Bonaparte declared King of the Two Sicilies.

1808 Joachim Murat becomes King of Naples; Papal States partly annexed to Kingdom of Italy.

1809 Napoleon annexes Rome and Papal States to French empire.

1814 Napoleon defeated; banished to Elba.

1820 Revolt in Naples.

1821 Revolt in Piedmont.

1831 Revolution in the Papal States; King Charles Albert becomes King of Sardinia; "Young Italy" founded by Mazzini.

1845 Pius IX becomes Pope.

1848 Uprisings in Palermo; Constitutional edict in Naples; Constitutional monarchy proclaimed in Piedmont; Constitution granted in Rome, Republic proclaimed with Mazzini as head. Successful revolution in Milan; Venice proclaimed a Republic; Charles Albert [Piedmont and Sardinia] invades Lombardy; Tuscan forces invade Lombardy; Naples constitution denied; Union of Venetia and Piedmont declared, soon overthrown; Battle of Custozza, Charles Albert defeated.

1849 Charles Albert abdicates in favor of Victor Emmanuel II; Sicilian revolution crushed by Naples; Austrians take Florence; Venice surrenders to Austria.

1850 Cavour becomes Prime Minister in Sardinia-Piedmonte.

1852 Napoleon III becomes emperor of France.

1858 Meeting of Cavour and Napoleon III.

1859 War between Austria and Sardinia Piedmont; Austria defeated by Piemontese and French; Sardinia gains Lombardy.

1860 Tuscany and Emilia declare for union with Sardinia-Piedmonte; Revolution in Sicily, Garibaldi lands and is victorious; invades Italy and gains victory; enters Naples Piemontese army under Victor Emmanuel take over from Garibaldi; Marche and Umbria vote for annexation to Piedmonte.

1861 Sicily and Naples vote to join Kingdom of Italy; Kingdom of Italy proclaimed.

1866 Italy joins Prussia in War against Austria; gains Venetia;

1870 Italian troops occupy Rome when French abandon city;

1871 (July) Rome made Capital of Kingdom